Understanding Terpene Profiles
What Are Terpenes?
Terpenes are aromatic hydrocarbons produced by plants as secondary metabolites. In essential oils, they determine fragrance, therapeutic activity, and synergy between constituents. Over 30,000 terpenes have been identified, with 100+ commonly found in commercial essential oils.
Monoterpenes vs Sesquiterpenes
Monoterpenes (C10H16) are volatile, evaporate quickly, and dominate citrus and conifer oils. Sesquiterpenes (C15H24) are heavier with higher boiling points, contributing depth and longevity. Examples: limonene (monoterpene) vs caryophyllene (sesquiterpene).
Why Ratios Matter
ISO and pharmacopoeia standards define acceptable ranges for key markers. A lavender oil with linalool <25% and linalyl acetate >45% may fail ISO 3515. These ratios directly impact therapeutic efficacy and batch consistency.